Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids for Personalized Congenital and Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Modeling

Next-generation podocytes in kidney organoids enabled personalized idiopathic nephrotic syndrome modeling as shown by activated slit diaphragm signaling and podocyte injury following protamine sulfate, puromycin aminonucleoside treatment and exposure to nephrotic syndrome plasma containing pathogenic permeability factors.