[Nature Immunology] Researchers discuss the evolving spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection outcomes and Tuberculosis disease, how the host immune response determines and unfolds across this spectrum, and how the natural diversity of M. tuberculosis contributes to this complexity.

[Journal of Translational Medicine] The authors highlight the roles of various immune cells in viral pneumonia and explores the mechanisms by which viral infections induce immune cell abnormalities, offering insights for future clinical strategies and improving prognosis for respiratory viral infections.

[Nature Reviews Microbiology] Historically, the phage life cycle was viewed primarily through the lens of how excision, replication, and packaging drive the formation of infective particles. Scientists re-examine the temperate phage life cycle in light of emerging insights that expand on this framework with unanticipated complexities.

[Nature Communications] Researchers reported the pathways to resistance for atilotrelvir and simnotrelvir, two 3CL protease inhibitors used for COVID-19 treatment, and ibuzatrelvir, a compound in late-stage clinical development. They reveal that resistance can readily arise, and that there is a large degree of overlap in the mutations which emerge.

[Emerging Microbes & Infections] Investigators employed sequence optimization strategies that successfully enhanced the antigen expression of hemagglutinin and developed mRNA vaccine candidates targeting the WHO-recommended strains. When administered at a low dose, both mono-and trivalent influenza A mRNA vaccines induced robust humoral immunity.

[Autophagy] Scientists uncovered that non-structural protein 2 (NS2) is a novel viral inhibitor of the NFKB pathway. Mechanistically, NS2 interacts with and mediates the degradation of the NFKB essential modulator (IKBKG/NEMO), thereby suppressing downstream signal transduction.

[Nature] Scientists are racing to trial experimental treatments and potentially vaccines against a rare species of the Ebola virus that is spreading in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda.

[Science Advances] Scientists assessed prevaccine immune responses at protein and transcriptomic levels following whole blood stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) viral agonists in healthy adolescents and adults. Four weeks after the second vaccine dose, they assessed antigen-specific T cell cytokine responses and plasma antibody levels.

[Autophagy] Scientists showed that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium releases lipopolysaccharide that colocalizes with RETREG1/FAM134B, a reticulon-like ER-resident receptor for selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum.

[Nature Communications] Investigators showed that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of host N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1), one of the two human enzymes that mediates protein N-myristoylation, significantly impairs SARS-CoV-2, vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus infections.

[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] Researchers showed that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes provided standing genetic variation that enabled rabbits to mount a rapid evolutionary response to the myxoma virus pandemic that began in the 1950s. They provide evidence that MHC-I is under strong selection in natural populations during a pandemic.

[Karolinska Institutet] Karolinska Institutet has received a grant of DKK 10 million (approximately SEK 15 million) from the Novo Nordisk Foundation for research on cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease. The project is led by Johan Ericson, professor at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.