Intestinal Cell News Volume 1.22 | Aug 21 2015

Apolipoprotein A-I Inhibits Experimental Colitis and Colitis-Propelled Carcinogenesis
Researchers report intrinsic differences in gene expression between proximal and distal colon in the mouse, which are augmented during dextran sodium sulfate/azoxymethane-induced colitis-associated carcinogenesis. [Oncogene] Abstract

Goblet Cell Derived RELM-β Recruits CD4⁺ T Cells during Infectious Colitis to Promote Protective Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation
Scientists demonstrated that resistin-like molecule (RELM)-β and goblet cells play a role in recruiting CD4⁺ T cells to the colon to protect against an enteric pathogen, in part via the induction of increased intestinal epithelial cells proliferation. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article

Loss of ADAM17-Mediated TNFα Signaling in Intestinal Cells Attenuates Mucosal Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Parenteral Nutrition
Using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-treated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific ADAM17-deficient mice, researchers demonstrated that a loss of soluble TNFα signaling from IECs attenuated TPN-induced mucosal atrophy. [Mol Cell Biol] Abstract

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Protects Intestinal Epithelial Barrier by Regulating the Myosin Light Chain Kinase Signaling Pathway
Investigators demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D signaling preserved the mucosal barrier integrity by abrogating myosin light chain kinase -dependent tight junction dysregulation during colonic inflammation. [Inflamm Bowel Dis] Abstract

Iron-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Transporter DMT1’s Endocytosis and Iron Uptake in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Using selective surface protein biotinylation of polarized Caco-2 cells, researchers determined the kinetics of dimetal transporter 1 (DMT1) internalization from the apical membrane after an iron challenge. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

Submicron Complex Lipid Carriers for Curcumin Delivery to Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Effect of Different Emulsifiers on Bioaccessibility and Cell Uptake
Submicrometric lipid-based carriers were developed to encapsulate curcumin and deliver it to intestinal epithelial cells. Uptake studies in HT29 cell lines, simulating intestinal epithelial cells, showed that whey protein isolates (WPI) and WPI with modified starch carriers exhibited a lower relative uptake than polysorbate 20 (T20)-stabilized systems as a consequence of smaller size and higher cell adherence of T20 carriers to the cell membrane. [Int J Pharm] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

INTESTINAL STEM CELL & ORGANOID RESEARCH

Notch Signaling Regulates Gastric Antral LGR5 Stem Cell Function
Researchers report that Notch signaling is essential for homeostasis of LGR5⁺ antral stem cells. Pathway inhibition reduced proliferation of gastric stem and progenitor cells, while activation increased proliferation. [EMBO J] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

Novel Regenerative Peptide TP508 Mitigates Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage by Activating Stem Cells and Preserving Crypt Integrity
TP508 treatment after lethal radiation exposure prevented the disintegration of gastrointestinal crypts, stimulated the expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin, activated crypt cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. [Lab Invest] Abstract

Targeting Wnt Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
The authors discuss the Wnt activating mechanisms in colorectal cancer and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

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$52 Million NIH Grant Advances Clinical and Translational Research at UC San Diego
The Clinical and Translational Research Institute at University of California, San Diego has received a five-year Clinical and Translational Science Award for approximately $52 million from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). [UC San Diego Health] Press Release

Esperite Acquires Patent to Use MSC-Derived Exosomes for Broad Applications in Immunology
Esperite has acquired the full rights of a broad international patent enabling MSC-derived exosomes use in treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Esperite is positioned nto spearhead advances in treatment for graft versus host disease after solid organ and cell transplantations, Crohn’s disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, stroke, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, newborn encephalopathy, and type 1 diabetes among others. [Esperite N.V.] Press Release

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Research Associate – Intestinal Cell Biology (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Scientist – Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology Endoderm Lineages (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

Senior Research Technician (Qu Biologics Inc.)

Genetic Counselor – Cancer (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Biotechnology (Qu Biologics Inc.)

Harry Eagle Scholar Awards for Postdoctoral Candidates (Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University)

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Ex Vivo Tumor Organoid Models (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Positions – Cancer Research (Rutgers University)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Immunology and Microbiology (New York University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Position – Intestinal Immunology (Shanghai Institute of Immunology)

Bioinformatician – Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research (Cedars Sinai Medical Center)

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