Immune Regulation News Volume 7.37 | Oct 2 2015

Mast-Cell-Derived TNF Amplifies CD8⁺ Dendritic Cell Functionality and CD8⁺ T Cell Priming
Researchers showed that the absence of TNF exclusively in mast cells impaired the expansion of CD8⁺ T cells upon sensitization and the T-cell-driven adaptive immune response to elicitation. T cells primed in the absence of mast cell TNF exhibited a diminished efficiency to transfer sensitization to naive recipients. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

Immunomodulatory Activities of the Benzoxathiole Derivative BOT-4-One Ameliorate Pathogenic Skin Inflammation in Mice
Investigators demonstrated the benzoxathiole derivative 2-cyclohexylimino-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[1,3]oxathiol-4-one (BOT-4-one) regulated immune responses and ameliorated experimentally induced inflammatory skin diseases both in vitro and in vivo. [J Invest Dermatol] Abstract

Dichotomous Roles for Externalized Cardiolipin in Extracellular Signaling: Promotion of Phagocytosis and Attenuation of Innate Immunity
Researchers suggest that externalized, extracellular cardiolipins play a dual role in host-host and host-pathogen interactions by promoting phagocytosis and attenuating inflammatory immune responses. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Glutamine-Dependent α-Ketoglutarate Production Regulates the Balance between T Helper 1 Cell and Regulatory T Cell Generation
Scientists showed that exogenous nutrient availability regulated the differentiation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells into distinct subsets. Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells under conditions of glutamine deprivation resulted in their differentiation into Foxp3⁺ (forkhead box P3–positive) regulatory T cells, which had suppressor function in vivo. [Sci Signal] Abstract

Authentic GITR Signaling Fails to Induce Tumor Regression unless Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells Are Depleted
Scientists generated a pentamerized form of the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family–related protein (GITR) ligand extracellular domain (pGITRL) for ligation to GITR and compared its effect on T cells with that of anti-GITR mAb. The pGITRL was more effective than anti-GITR mAb in enhancing the proliferation of effector and regulatory cells in vitro and in vivo. [J Immunol] Abstract

Granzyme B-Mediated Activation-Induced Death of CD4⁺ T Cells Inhibits Murine Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
Researchers titrated down the T cell dose to precisely determine the contribution of granzyme B (GzmB) in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mediated by CD4⁺CD25^– T cells. They found that GzmB^−/−CD4⁺CD25^– T cells cause more severe GVHD compared with wild-type CD4⁺CD25^– T cells in both MHC-matched and mismatched models. [J Immunol] Abstract

Effective Intrahepatic CD8⁺ T-Cell Immune Responses Are Induced by Low but Not High Numbers of Antigen-Expressing Hepatocytes
Investigators aimed at elucidating the impact of different intrahepatic antigen loads on the quality of CD8⁺ T-cell-mediated immunity by employing an infection-free transgenic mouse model expressing ovalbumin as the target antigen. [Cell Mol Immunol] Abstract

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MD Anderson’s Allison Wins American Cancer Society Medal of Honor
A career-long fascination with discovering the ins and outs of T cells, our immune system’s tailor-made destroyers of infections and dysfunctional cells, has earned Jim Allison, Ph.D., the American Cancer Society’s 2015 Medal of Honor for Basic Research. [The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center] Press Release

SITC Celebrates U.S. Food & Drug Administration Approval of First Combination Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancer
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) applauds the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Opdivo (nivolumab) in combination with Yervoy (ipilimumab) for the treatment of advanced melanoma. [Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer] Press Release

New Portable Device Counts Leukocytes through the Skin
A novel way to count white blood cells without a blood test, simply by applying a small device on the fingertip, is being developed by a team of young bioengineers. The system includes an innovative optics sensor through the skin that can observe white cells as they flow past a miniature lens. [Plataforma SINC] Press Release

Neon Therapeutics Launches with $55 Million Series A to Develop Neoantigen-Based Cancer Immunotherapies
Third Rock Ventures, LLC announced the formation of Neon Therapeutics, an immuno-oncology company developing neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines and T cell therapies to treat cancer. Neon Therapeutics is focused on unlocking the full potential of the immune system to recognize and attack cancer via targeting proteins known as neoantigens. [Neon Therapeutics] Press Release

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NEW Principal Investigator – Immunology Center (National Institutes of Health- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)

NEW Professor – Immunology (La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology)

Canadian Research Chair Tier 1 – Systems Immunology (University of Manitoba)

Scientist Position – Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in the Context of Tissue Regeneration (KU Leuven)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology (Shanghai Institute of Immunology)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology/Vascular Biology/Cancerology (University of Toulouse)

Postdoctoral Position – Neuroimmunology (Brain and Spine Institute (ICM))

Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Development and Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer (University College London)

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